Curricular Resources :
Textbooks:
-
Gardner
DG, Shoback D, eds. Greenspan's Basic & Clinical Endocrinology. 10th ed.
New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education; 2018
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Melmed
S, Koenig R, Rosen C, Auchus R, Goldfine A, eds. Williams Textbook of
Endocrinology. 14th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2019
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Jameson
JL, De Groot LJ, de Kretser DM, Giudice LC, Grossman AB, Melmed S, Potts JT Jr,
Weir GC, eds. Endocrinology: Adult and Pediatric. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA:
Elsevier Saunders; 2010.
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Rosen
CJ, Bouillon R, Compston JE, Rosen V, eds. Primer on the Metabolic Bone
Diseases and Disorders of Mineral Metabolism. 8th ed. Washington, DC:
Wiley-Blackwell; 2013.
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Braverman
LE, Cooper D, eds. Werner & Ingbar’s The Thyroid: A Fundamental and
Clinical Text. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins;
2013.
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Bilezikian
JP, editor-in-chief. Primer on the Metabolic Bone Diseases and Disorders of
Mineral Metabolism. 9th ed. Washington, DC: Wiley-Blackwell; 2018.
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Kopp
P ed. Endotext. Endotext.org (A comprehensive online Endocrine Textbook)
Articles Reading List:
·
Thyroid:
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McLeod
DS, Cooper DS. The incidence and prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity. Endocrine.
2012;42(2):252-265.
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Taylor
PN, Medici MM, Hubalewska-Dydejczyk A, Boelaert K. Hypothyroidism. Lancet. 2024
Oct 5;404(10460):1347-1364. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(24)01614-3. PMID: 39368843.
-
Biondi
B, Cooper DS. Subclinical Hyperthyroidism. N Engl J Med. 2018 Jun
21;378(25):2411-2419.
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Ross
DS, Burch HB, Cooper DS, Greenlee MC, Laurberg P, Maia AL, Rivkees SA, Samuels
M, Sosa JA, Stan MN, Walter MA. 2016 American Thyroid Association Guidelines
for Diagnosis and Management of Hyperthyroidism and Other Causes of
Thyrotoxicosis. Thyroid. 2016 Oct;26(10):1343-1421.
-
Burch
HB, Perros P, Bednarczuk T, Cooper DS, Dolman PJ et al. Management of Thyroid
Eye Disease: A Consensus Statement by the American Thyroid Association and the
European Thyroid Association. Thyroid. 2022 Dec;32(12):1439-1470. doi:
10.1089/thy.2022.0251. Epub 2022 Dec 8. PMID: 36480280; PMCID: PMC9807259.
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Burch
H, Cooper D. Management of graves’ disease. A review. JAMA 2015; 314(23)
2544-2554.
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Azizi
F, Amouzegar A, Tohidi M, et al. Increased Remission Rates After Long-Term
Methimazole Therapy in Patients with Graves' Disease: Results of a Randomized
Clinical Trial. Thyroid 2019; 29(9); 1192-1200.
-
Azizi
F, Takyar M, Madreseh E. Treatment of Toxic Multinodular Goiter: Comparison of
Radioiodine and Long-Term Methimazole Treatment. Thyroid 2019; 29(5): 626-630.
-
Biondi
B, Wartofsky L. Treatment with thyroid hormone. Endocr Rev. 2014;35(3):433-512.
-
Jonklaas
J, Bianco AC, Bauer AJ, et al; American Thyroid Association Task Force on
Thyroid Hormone Replacement. Guidelines for the treatment of hypothyroidism:
prepared by the American Thyroid Association Task Force on Thyroid Hormone
Replacement. Thyroid. 2014;24(12):1670-1751.
-
Peeters
RP. Subclinical Hypothyroidism. N Engl J Med. 2017 Jun 29;376(26):2556-2565.
-
Ringel
MD, Sosa JA, Baloch Z, Bischoff L, Bloom G et al. 2025 American Thyroid
Association Management Guidelines for Adult Patients with Differentiated
Thyroid Cancer. Thyroid. 2025 Aug;35(8):841-985. doi:
10.1177/10507256251363120. PMID: 40844370
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Nishino
M, Nikiforova M. Update on molecular testing for cytologically indeterminate
thyroid nodules. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2018; 142: 446-47.
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Fugazzola
L, Elisei R, Fuhrer D, et al. 2019 European Thyroid Association guidelines for
the treatment and follow up of advanced radioiodine refractory thyroid cancer.
Eur Thyroid J 2019; 8(5): 227-245.
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Wells
SA Jr, Asa SL, Dralle H, et al; American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task
Force on Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma. Revised American Thyroid Association
guidelines for the management of medullary thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid.
2015;25(6):567-610.
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Fliers
E, Bianco AC, Langouche L, Boelen A. Endocrine and metabolic considerations in
critically ill patients. Thyroid function in crtically ill patients. Lancet
Diabetes Endocrinol 2015; 3(10): 816-825.
-
Burch
H. Drug effects on the thyroid. N Engl J Med 2019; 381 (8); 749-671.
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Alexander
EK, Pearce EN, Brent GA, Brown RS, Chen H et al. 2017 Guidelines of the
American Thyroid Association for the Diagnosis and Management of Thyroid
Disease During Pregnancy and the Postpartum. Thyroid. 2017 Mar;27(3):315-389.
·
Diabetes Mellitus:
-
Standards
of Medical Care in Diabetes—2025 American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care
2025. Jan; 48 (Supplement 1): S1-264.
o
S27:
Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes
o
S128:
Glycemic goals and hypoglycemia
o
S146:
Diabetes technology
o
S181:
Pharmacologic approaches to glycemic treatment
o
S207:
Cardiovascular disease and risk management
o
S239:
Chronic Kidney Disease and risk management
o
S252:
Retinopathy, neuropathy, and foot care
o
S306:
Management of diabetes in pregnancy
o
S321:
Diabetes care in the hospital
-
Bionic
Pancreas Research Group; Russell SJ, Beck RW, Damiano ER, El-Khatib FH, Ruedy
KJ et al. A. Multicenter, Randomized Trial of a Bionic Pancreas in Type 1
Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2022 Sep 29;387(13):1161-1172. doi:
10.1056/NEJMoa2205225. PMID: 36170500.
-
Brown
SA, Forlenza GP, Bode BW, Pinsker JE, Levy CJ et al. Omnipod 5 Research Group.
Multicenter Trial of a Tubeless, On-Body Automated Insulin Delivery System With
Customizable Glycemic Targets in Pediatric and Adult Participants With Type 1
Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2021 Jul;44(7):1630-1640. doi: 10.2337/dc21-0172. Epub
2021 Jun 7. PMID: 34099518; PMCID: PMC8323171.
-
Brown
SA, Kovatchev BP, Raghinaru D, et al. Six-Month Randomized, Multicenter Trial
of Closed-Loop Control in Type 1 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2019:381:1707-1717.
-
Perioperative
Hyperglycemia Management: An Update. Duggan EW, Carlson K, Umpierrez GE.
Anesthesiology. 2017 Mar;126(3):547-560.
-
Zelniker
TA, Wiviott SD, Raz I, Im K, Goodrich EL, Furtado RHM, Bonaca MP, Mosenzon O,
Kato ET, Cahn A, Bhatt DL, Leiter LA, McGuire DK, Wilding JPH, Sabatine MS.
Comparison of the Effects of Glucagon-Like Peptide Receptor Agonists and
Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors for Prevention of Major Adverse
Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Circulation.
2019 Apr 23;139(17):2022-2031.
-
SGLT2
inhibitors for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular and renal
outcomes in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of
cardiovascular outcome trials. Zelniker TA, Wiviott SD, Raz I, Im K, Goodrich
EL, Bonaca MP, Mosenzon O, Kato ET, Cahn A, Furtado RHM, Bhatt DL, Leiter LA,
McGuire DK, Wilding JPH, Sabatine MS. Lancet. 2019 Jan 5;393(10166):31-39.
-
GRADE
Study Research Group; Nathan DM, Lachin JM, Balasubramanyam A, Burch HB, Buse
JB et al. Glycemia Reduction in Type 2 Diabetes - Glycemic Outcomes. N Engl J
Med. 2022 Sep 22;387(12):1063-1074. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2200433. PMID: 36129996;
PMCID: PMC9829320.
-
ACCORD
Study Group: Effects of intensive glucose lowering in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J
Med 2008; 358:2545-2559
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ADVANCE
Collaborative Group, Patel A, MacMahon S, et al. Intensive blood glucose
control and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med.
2008;358(24):2560- 2572.
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Tamez-Pérez HE, Quintanilla-Flores DL,
Rodríguez-Gutiérrez R, González-González JG, Tamez-Peña AL. Steroid hyperglycemia: prevalence, early
detection and therapeutic recommendations: a narrative review. World J
Diabetes. 2015;6(8):1073-1781.
-
Balasubramanyam
A, Nalini R, Hampe CS, Maldonado M. Syndromes of ketosis-prone diabetes. Endocr
Rev. 2008;29(3):292-302.
-
Broome
DT, Pantalone KM, Kashyap SR, Philipson LH. Approach to the Patient with
MODY-Monogenic Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021 Jan 1;106(1):237-250.
doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa710. PMID: 33034350; PMCID: PMC7765647.
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Buzzetti
R, Tuomi T, Mauricio D, Pietropaolo M, Zhou Z, Pozzilli P, Leslie RD.
Management of Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults: A Consensus Statement From
an International Expert Panel. Diabetes. 2020 Oct;69(10):2037-2047. doi:
10.2337/dbi20-0017. Epub 2020 Aug 26. PMID: 32847960; PMCID: PMC7809717.
-
UK
Prospective Diabetes Study Group. Tight blood pressure control and risk of
macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes [published
correction appears in BMJ. 1999;318(7175):29]. BMJ. 1998;317(7160):703-713.
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The
DCCT Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the
development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent
diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1993;329(14):977-986.
·
Bone and Mineral Metabolism:
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Minisola
S, Pepe J, Piemonte S, Cipriani C. The diagnosis and management of
hypercalcaemia. BMJ. 2015 Jun 2;350:h2723
-
Bilezikian
JP, Khan AA, Silverberg SJ, Fuleihan GE, Marcocci C, et al; International
Workshop on Primary Hyperparathyroidism. Evaluation and Management of Primary
Hyperparathyroidism: Summary Statement and Guidelines from the Fifth
International Workshop. J Bone Miner Res. 2022 Nov;37(11):2293-2314. doi:
10.1002/jbmr.4677. Epub 2022 Oct 17. PMID: 36245251.
-
Cristina
EV, Alberto F. Management of familial hyperparathyroidism syndromes: MEN1,
MEN2, MEN4, HPT-Jaw tumour, Familial isolated hyperparathyroidism, FHH, and
neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism. Best Pract
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Bollerslev
J, Pretorius M, Heck A. Parathyroid hormone independent hypercalcemia in
adults. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018 Oct;32(5):621-638
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Motlaghzadeh Y, Bilezikian JP, Sellmeyer DE. Rare Causes of Hypercalcemia: 2021
Update. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021 Oct 21;106(11):3113-3128. doi:
10.1210/clinem/dgab504. PMID: 34240162.
-
Lee
JY, Shoback DM. Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia and related disorders.
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018 Oct;32(5):609-61
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Bilezikian
JP. Hypoparathyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020 Jun 1;105(6):1722–36.
doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaa113. PMID: 32322899; PMCID: PMC7176479.
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Pepe
J, Colangelo L, Biamonte F, Sonato C, Danese VC, Cecchetti V, Occhiuto M,
Piazzolla V, De Martino V, Ferrone F, Minisola S, Cipriani C. Diagnosis and
management of hypocalcemia. Endocrine. 2020 Sep;69(3):485-495. doi:
10.1007/s12020-020-02324-2. Epub 2020 May 4. PMID: 32367335.
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Shoback
D, Rosen CJ, Black DM, Cheung AM, Murad MH, Eastell R. Pharmacological
Management of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women: An Endocrine Society
Guideline Update. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020 Mar 1;105(3)
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Watts
NB, Camacho PM, Lewiecki EM, Petak SM; AACE/ACE Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
Guidelines Task Force. American Association of Clinical
Endocrinologists/American College of Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guidelines
for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis-2020 Update.
Endocr Pract. 2021 Apr;27(4):379-380. doi: 10.1016/j.eprac.2021.02.001. Epub
2021 Feb 9. PMID: 33577971.
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LeBoff
MS, Greenspan SL, Insogna KL, Lewiecki EM, Saag KG, Singer AJ, Siris ES. The
clinician's guide to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int.
2022 Oct;33(10):2049-2102. doi: 10.1007/s00198-021-05900-y. Epub 2022 Apr 28.
Erratum in: Osteoporos Int. 2022 Jul 28;: PMID: 35478046; PMCID: PMC9546973.
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Watts
NB, Adler RA, Bilezikian JP, et al Endocrine Society. Osteoporosis in men: an
Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab.
2012;97(6):1802-1822. Buckley L, Humphrey MB. Glucocorticoid-Induced
Osteoporosis. N Engl J Med. 2018 Dec 27;379(26):2547-2556
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Kanis
JA, Johnell O, Oden A, Johansson H, McCloskey EV. FRAX and the assessment of
fracture probability in men and women from the UK. Osteoporos Int.
2008;19(4):385-39
-
Cosman
F. Anabolic and antiresorptive therapy for osteoporosis: combination and
sequential approaches. Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2014;12(4):385-395.
-
Lewiecki
EM. Evaluating Patients for Secondary Causes of Osteoporosis. Curr Osteoporos
Rep. 2022 Feb;20(1):1-12. doi: 10.1007/s11914-022-00717-y. Epub 2022 Jan 15.
PMID: 35032004.
-
Khan
AA, Morrison A, Hanley DA, et al; International Task Force on Osteonecrosis of
the Jaw. Diagnosis and management of osteonecrosis of the jaw: a systematic
review and international consensus. J Bone Miner Res. 2015;30(1):3-23
-
Mirza
F, Canalis E. Management of endocrine disease: secondary osteoporosis:
pathophysiology and management. Eur J Endocrinol. 2015;173(3):R131-R151
-
Bronson
WH, Kaye ID, Egol KA. Atypical femur fractures: a review. Curr Osteoporos Rep.
2014;12(4):446-453
-
Bover
J, et al. Osteoporosis, bone mineral density and CKD-MBD: treatment
considerations. J Nephrol. 2017 Oct;30(5):677-687
-
Christov
M, Jüppner H. Phosphate homeostasis disorders. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol
Metab. 2018 Oct;32(5):685-706
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Holick
MF, Binkley NC, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, et al; Endocrine Society. Evaluation,
treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: an Endocrine Society
clinical practice guideline. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &
Metabolism, Volume 96, Issue 7, 1 July 2011, Pages 1911–1930
-
Minisola S, et al. Tumour-induced osteomalacia. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017 Jul
13;3:17044. doi: 10.1038/nrdp.2017.44.
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Fukumoto
S. FGF23-related hypophosphatemic rickets/osteomalacia: diagnosis and new
treatment. J Mol Endocrinol. 2021 Feb;66(2):R57-R65. doi: 10.1530/JME-20-0089.
PMID: 33295878.
-
Whyte
MP. Hypophosphatasia: Enzyme Replacement Therapy Brings New Opportunities and
New Challenges. J Bone Miner Res. 2017 Apr;32(4):667-675.
·
Pituitary Disease:
-
Freda
PU, Beckers AM, Katznelson L, et al; Endocrine Society. Pituitary
incidentaloma: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J Clin
Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96(4):894-904.
-
Melmed
S, Casanueva FF, Hoffman AR, et al; Endocrine Society. Diagnosis and treatement
of hyperprolactinemia: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin
Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96(2):273-288
-
Fleseriu M, Biller BMK, Freda PU, et al. A Pituitary Society update to acromegaly
management guidelines. Pituitary. 2021;24:1-13.
-
Giustina
A, Barkan A, Beckers A, et al. A Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of
Acromegaly Comorbidities: An Update. J Clin Endocrinol Metab.
2020;105(4):e937-e946.
-
Molitch
ME, Clemmons DR, Malozowski S, Merriam GR, Vance ML; Endocrine Society.
Evaluation and treatment of adult growth hormone deficiency: an Endocrine
Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab.
2011;96(6):1587-1609
-
Silveira
LF, Latronico AC. Approach to the patient with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. J
Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98(5):1781-1788
-
Fernández-Balsells
MM, Murad MH, Barwise A, et al. Natural history of nonfunctioning pituitary
adenomas and incidentalomas: a systematic review and metaanalysis. J Clin
Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96(4):905-912
-
Braun
LT, et al. Whom should we screen for Cushing syndrome? The Endocrine Society
practice guideline recommendations 2008 revisited. J Clin Endocrinol Metab.
2022; 107 (9): e3723-30.
-
Fleseriu M, Auchus R, Bancos I, et al. Consensus on diagnosis and management of
Cushing’s Disease: a guideline update. 2021. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 9(12):
847-875.
-
Nieman
LK. Molecular derangements and diagnosis of ACTH dependent Cushing Syndrome.
Endocrine Reviews 2022; 43(5): 852-877.
-
Varlamov
E, Vila G, Fleseriu M. Perioperative management of a patient with Cushing
Disease. J Endocrine Society 2022; 6(3): 1-13.
-
Fleseriu
M, Hashim IA, Karavitaki N, Melmed S, Murad MH, Salvatori R, Samuels MH.
Hormonal Replacement in Hypopituitarism in Adults: An Endocrine Society
Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016
Nov;101(11):3888-3921
-
Arima
H, Cheetham T, Christ-Crain M, et al. Changing the name of diabetes insipidus:
a position statement of the working group for renaming diabetes insipidus. J
Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 108(1): 1-3.
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Briet
C, Salenave S, Bonneville JF, Laws E, Chanson P. Pituitary Apoplexy. Endocrine
Reviews. 2015; 36(6): 622–645
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Khan
S, Salvatori R. The Perioperative and Postoperative Care for Pituitary
Patients. Chapter in Transsphenoidal surgery, Complication Avoidance and
Management Techniques. Laws E, et al. (2017).
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Christ-Crain
M, Refardt J, Winzeler. Approach to the patient: utility of the copeptin assay.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022; 107(6): 1727-1738.
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Martin-Grace
J, Tomkins M, O’Reilly MW, et al. Approach to the patient: hyponatremia and the
syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022;
107(8): 2362-2376.
-
Peri
A, Grohe C, Berardi R, et al. SIADH: differential diagnosis and clinical
management. Endocrine 2017; 55(1): 311-319.
-
Ergin
AB, Kennedy AL, Gupta MK, Hamrahian AH. The Cleveland Clinic Manual of Dynamic
Endocrine Testing. New York, NY: Springer; 2015.
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Chapman
PR, Singhal A, Gaddamanugu S, Prattipati V. Neuroimaging of the Pituitary
Gland: Practical Anatomy and Pathology. Radiol Clin North Am. 2020
Nov;58(6):1115-1133. doi: 10.1016/j.rcl.2020.07.009. Epub 2020 Sep 17. PMID:
33040852.
·
Adrenal Disorders:
-
Zavatta
G, Di Dalmazi G. Recent Advances on Subclinical Hypercortisolism. Endocrinol
Metab Clin North Am. 2018;47(2):375-383
-
Bancos
I, Hahner S, Tomlinson J, Arlt W. Diagnosis and management of adrenal
insufficiency. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2015;3(3):216-226
-
He
X, Findling JW, Auchus RJ. Glucocorticoid Withdrawal Syndrome following
treatment of endogenous Cushing Syndrome. Pituitary. 2022 Jun;25(3):393-403.
-
Betterle
C, Morlin L. Autoimmune Addison's disease. Endocr Dev. 2011; 20:161-172.
-
Grossman
AB. Clinical Review#: the diagnosis and management of central hypoadrenalism. J
Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95(11):4855-4863
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Quinkler
M, Hahner S. What is the best long-term management strategy for patients with
primary adrenal insufficiency? Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2012;76(1):21-25
-
Funder
JW, Carey RM, Fardella C, et al; Endocrine Society. Case detection, diagnosis,
and treatment of patients with primary aldosteronism: an Endocrine Society
clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93(9):3266-3281.
-
Vaidya
A, Carey RM. Evolution of the Primary Aldosteronism Syndrome: Updating the
Approach.J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020 Dec 1;105(12):3771–83.
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Halperin
F, Dluhy RG. Glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism. Endocrinol Metab Clin
North Am. 2011;40(2):333-341
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Phyllis
W. Speiser, Wiebke Arlt, Richard J. Auchus et al. Congenital Adrenal
Hyperplasia Due to Steroid 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency: An Endocrine Society
Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 103: 4043–4088, 2018
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Claahsen
HL, Speiser PW, Ahmed SF, et al. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia—current
insights in pathophysiology, diagnostics, and management. Endocrine Reviews
2022; 43(1): 91-159
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Vaidya
A, Hamrahiyan A, Bancos I, Fleseriu M, Ghayee HK. The Evaluation of
Incidentally Discovered Adrenal Masses. Endocrine Practice. 2019; 25(2):178-192
-
Nölting
S, Bechmann N, Taieb D, at al. Personalized Management of Pheochromocytoma and
Paraganglioma. Endocr Rev. 2022 Mar 9;43(2):199-239.
-
Neumann
HPH, Young WF Jr, Eng C. Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma. N Engl J Med.2019
Aug 8;381(6):552-565.
-
Fagundes
GFC, Almeida MQ. Perioperative Management of Pheochromocytomas and Sympathetic
Paragangliomas. J Endocr Soc. 2022 Jan 14;6(2):bvac004.
-
Bancos
I, Prete A. Approach to the Patient With Adrenal Incidentaloma. J Clin
Endocrinol Metab.2021 Oct 21;106(11):3331-3353.
-
Kebebew
E. . Adrenal incidentaloma. N Engl J Med. 2021; 384 (16); 1542-51.
·
Reproduction and Sexual Function:
Female:
-
Silveira
LF, Latronico AC. Approach to the patient with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. J
Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98(5):1781-1788.
-
Gordon
CM, Kanaoka T, Nelson LM. Update on primary ovarian insufficiency in
adolescents. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2015;27(4):511-519.
-
Torrealday
S, Pal L. Premature menopause. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2015;44(3):543-
557.
-
Wierman
ME. Hyperandrogenic Anovulation: Differential diagnosis and evaluation.
Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2021; 50 (1): 1-10.
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Zaman
A, Rothman MC. Postmenopausal hyperandrogenism. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am.
2021; 50(1): 97-111.
-
Practice
Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Diagnostic
evaluation of the infertile female: a committee opinion. Fertil Steril.
2015;103(6):e44-e50.
-
Gravholt
CH, Viuff MH, Brun S, Stochholm K, Andersen NH. Turner syndrome: mechanisms and
management. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2019 Oct;15(10):601-614.
-
McCartney
CR, Marshall JC. Clinical practice. Polycystic ovary syndrome. N Engl J Med.
2016;375(1):54-64. Article Teede HJ, et al.; International PCOS Network.
Recommendations from the international evidence-based guideline for the
assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2018
Aug;110(3):364-379.
-
Martin
KA, et al. Evaluation and Treatment of Hirsutism in Premenopausal Women: An
Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline J Clin Endocrinol Metab.
2018;103(4):1-25.
-
Jha
S, Turcu AF. Nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia: What do
endocrinologists need to know. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2021 50 (1):
151-165
-
Stuenkel
CA, Davis SR, Gompel A, et al. Treatment of symptoms of the menopause: an
Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab.
2015;100(11):3975- 4011.
-
The
2022 Hormone Therapy Position Statement of The North American Menopause Society
Advisory Panel. The 2022 hormone therapy position statement of The North
American Menopause Society. Menopause. 2022 Jul 1;29(7):767-794
-
Torrealday
S, Pal L. Premature menopause. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2015;44(3):543-
557. Article Santen RJ, Kagan R, Altomare CJ, Komm B, Mirkin S, Taylor HS.
Current and evolving approaches to individualizing estrogen receptor-based
therapy for menopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014;99(3):733-747.
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Santoro
N, Roeca C, Peters BA, Neal-Perry G. The Menopause Transition: Signs, Symptoms,
and Management Options. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021 Jan 1;106(1):1-15.
Male:
-
Basaria
S. Male hypogonadism. Lancet. 2014;383(9924):1250-1263.
-
Bhasin
S, et al. Testosterone Therapy in Men With Hypogonadism: An Endocrine Society
Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018 May
1;103(5):1715-1744.
-
Snyder
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